HTML elements like `<html>`, `<head>`, and `<body>` are optional in source code because browsers automatically generate them, meaning they can still be styled with CSS even when absent. The author demonstrates this by creating a webpage with zero HTML content, instead delivering all styling through an HTTP `Link` header (defined in RFC 5988) that references an external stylesheet, which generates and styles the implied elements using CSS pseudo-elements. While these techniques are clever explorations of browser behavior, they're impractical for real websites due to quirks mode rendering, validation failures, and lack of widespread browser support for the Link header.
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